Research and Publication Ethics

The journal requires that all published research comply with internationally recognized ethical principles and standards governing scientific research and scholarly publication.

This includes, where applicable:

• Approval by a duly constituted Research Ethics Committee or Institutional Review Board (IRB);
• Obtaining informed consent from research participants;
• Protection of personal data, privacy, and confidentiality.

In addition, the journal maintains a zero-tolerance policy toward research and publication misconduct, including:

• Plagiarism;
• Data fabrication or falsification;
• Duplicate or redundant publication.

These measures are intended to safeguard the integrity of the scientific record, ensure the reliability of published evidence, and promote public trust in scientific research.